Issues

Impacts of woody thickening vegetation change in northern Australia

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  • Tropical Savannas
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  • Costs / Benefits
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Costs and benefits of vegetation change in north Australia

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Woody Thickening - Mechanical and Herbicide Treatments

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  • bulldozer
  • herbicide
  • plough
  • woody weeds
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Vegetation change on Aboriginal Lands in the North Kimberley

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Managing weeds for wildlife conservation - Para Grass, Urochloa mutica also known as Brachiaria mutica

 Managing weeds for wildlife conservation

Para Grass 

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Article

  • Weed invasion risks
    Floodplains at risk Gamba grass has been found in many areas of the Arnhem region Photo: Sam Setterfield  As in much of northern...
    Habitats at risk, weed targets and weeds of concern in Arnhem land.
  • Aquatic weeds
    Para grass can form a thick blanket over the land and floats out over the water Photo: Greg Calvert Para grass Along the edges...
    A brief summary of two aquatic weeds Para Grass and Olive hymenachne.
  • Fire responses of Urochloa mutica
    Fire responses of Urochloa mutica from Tropical Savannas Fire Response Database by Mark Gardener and Matthew Marrinan Species: Urochloa muticaFamily...
    Summary of known fire responses from across Australia
  • Research Project - Para grass, amphibians and reptiles
    This project is no longer running.  
    Links to online information resources about identification, issues and management
  • Research Project - Restoration of seasonal wetlands at the Town Common (Townsville)
    The Townsville Town Common Conservation Park is a seasonal wetland of national significance for birds. Declared a Conservation Park in the late 1970s...
    Links to online information resources about identification, issues and management

Reference

  • Biodiversity and invasive grass species: multiple-use or monoculture?
    dx.doi.org/10.1071/WR04036

Link

  • Australian Weed Risk Assessment for Urochloa mutica
    This Weed Risk Assessment for <i>Urochloa mutica</i> uses the Australian Weed Risk Assessment Scheme to assess the likelihood of introduced plants becoming a pest.
    www.hear.org/pier/wra/australia/urmut-wra.htm
  • Ecoport profile for Para Grass Urochloa mutica, also known as Brachiaria mutica
    This profile of Para Grass <i>Urochloa mutica</i>, also known as <i>Brachiaria mutica</i>on FAO's Ecoport Web Site, provides information on the appearance, distribution, ecology, status and use of the species. Links are provided to maps, illustrations and other resources. Information is incomplete for many species, but is being continually upgraded.
    ecoport.org/ep?Plant=237604&entityType=PL****&entityDisplayCategory=full&menuStyle=text
  • Fire management and the vegetation communities of the Townsville and Thuringowa shires: Some ecological considerations
    Skull, S. and Adams, F. (1996). A report to the Townsville-Thuringowa Landcare Association. ACTFR Report No. 96/21. Australian Centre for Tropical Freshwater Research, James Cook University of North Queensland.
    www.soe-townsville.org/data/actfr_reports/fire_mgt_landcare_actfr96.pdf
  • A GIS compendium for landscape-scale risk assessment of the Magela Creek floodplain and broader Alligator Rivers Region, NT
    Boyden JM, Walden DJ, Bayliss P & Saalfeld K, 2008. A GIS compendium for landscape-scale risk assessment of the Magela Creek floodplain and broader Alligator Rivers Region, NT. This report describes spatial data available for assessing ecological risks to the seasonally inundated floodplain of Magela Creek.
    www.environment.gov.au/ssd/publications/ssr/192.html
  • Tropical Grasslands Society description of the pasture plant Para grass Brachiaria mutica
    Tropical Grassland Society of Australia description of the pasture plant Para grass Brachiaria mutica, written by L.R. Humphries and I.J. Partridge, describing the characteristics of the plant and its suitability for tropical and subtropical pastures in Australia
    www.tropicalgrasslands.asn.au/pastures/para.htm
  • Barra unable to survive in 'wasteland'
    .
    Cattle Creek, south of Ingham, Qld, no longer supports Barramundi or a range of other freshwater fish, because of low dissolved oxygen levels cause by water weed Hymenachne, Para grass and a build-up of silt in the waterway. Regeneration of the waterway is planned.
    www.regionalnrm.qld.gov.au/about_new/news_events_publications/news/bugle/2009_jan_june/090403_edition255.html#1
  • Aboriginal wetland burning in Kakadu
    In conjunction with the Bushfire CRC, the CSIRO is working with a family of traditional owners from the Kakadu region in an attempt to identify the cultural benefits of Aboriginal fire management on the floodplain environment at South Alligator River.
    www.terc.csiro.au/research.asp?program=FIRE&project=AFM
  • Weeds Australia Identification Guide: Para Grass Urochloa mutica
    This identification guide, on the Weeds Australia Web Site, includes photos, a description of the plant, notes on its distinguishing features and its dispersal ability, and a map of its current and potential distribution
    www.weeds.org.au/cgi-bin/weedident.cgi?tpl=plant.tpl&state=&s=®ion=&card=G08
  • PlantNet profile for Para Grass Urochloa mutica
    PlantNet profile for Para Grass <i>Urochloa mutica</i>, with illustrations, description, and distribution of the species in New South Wales, and the status of the species in other States and Territories
    plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Urochloa~mutica
  • Cattle grazing for Para Grass management in a mixed species wetland of north-eastern Australia
    Williams P.R., Collins E.M. and Grice A.C. (2005). "Cattle grazing for Para Grass management in a mixed species wetland of north-eastern Australia".<i>Ecological Management & Restoration</i> 6, 75-76.
    dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-8903.2005.221-5.x
  • PIER Profile for Para Grass Urochloa mutica
    PIER Profile for Para Grass <i>Urochloa mutica</i>. If available, includes Species description; Habitat/ecology; Propagation; Distribution; Information sources; Illustrations; Weed Risk Assessment
    www.hear.org/Pier/species/urochloa_mutica.htm
  • Queensland Government web page for Para grass Brachiaria mutica
    Queensland Government web page for Para grass Brachiaria mutica, with an illustration and brief description of the weed and its impact
    www.daff.qld.gov.au/4790_7331.htm
  • Biosecurity Queensland Pest Series Factsheet: Para grass (Brachiaria mutica)
    This factsheet describes Para grass (<i>Brachiaria mutica</i>, also known as <i>Urochloa mutica</i>), why it is a problem, what it looks like, and how to manage it.
    www.dpi.qld.gov.au/documents/Biosecurity_EnvironmentalPests/IPA-Para-Grass-PP90.pdf
  • Burning for Brolgas
    An article on the OzCranes website that describes experimental management of Para Grass on Townsville Town Common using fire and grazing
    ozcranes.net/consv/town.html
  • WA FloraBase Profile for Para Grass Urochloa mutica
    WA conservation status, distribution, map and, where available, botanical description and illustration
    florabase.dec.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/716
  • NT Agnote: Para Grass
    Plain English guide
    transact.nt.gov.au/ebiz/dbird/TechPublications.nsf/42FDFC128FB0A06A69256EFE004F5E20/$file/285.pdf
  • NT Agnote: Improved Grasses on NT Floodplains
    Plain English guide
    transact.nt.gov.au/ebiz/dbird/TechPublications.nsf/D2F0267E52F32B8D69256EFE004F5D60/$file/671.pdf
  • Weed management and the biodiversity and ecological processes of tropical wetlands
    www.environment.gov.au/water/publications/environmental/wetlands/pubs/weed.pdf
  • Queensland Ponded Pastures Policy
    www.derm.qld.gov.au/about/policy/documents/1291/lmu_2003_1291.pdf

Download

  • Healthy Country Indicator Species for Cape York Peninsula - P 49-50 - Wild Rice
    Information for pastoralists on Best Practice Management for Wild Rice on Cape York Peninsula - including grazing and burning regimes
    /land_manager/downloads/Wild-Rice-Profile-CYP.pdf

Managing weeds for wildlife conservation - Mission Grass, Cenchrus polystachios

 Managing weeds for wildlife conservation

Mission Grass 

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Link

  • Australian Weed Risk Assessment for Pennisetum polystachion
    This Weed Risk Assessment for <i>Pennisetum polystachion</i> uses the Australian Weed Risk Assessment Scheme to assess the likelihood of introduced plants becoming a pest.
    www.hear.org/pier/wra/australia/pepol-wra.htm
  • Ecoport profile for Mission Grass (perennial) Pennisetum polystachion
    This profile of Mission Grass (perennial) <i>Pennisetum polystachion</i>on FAO's Ecoport Web Site, provides information on the appearance, distribution, ecology, status and use of the species. Links are provided to maps, illustrations and other resources. Information is incomplete for many species, but is being continually upgraded.
    ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1650&entityType=PL****&entityDisplayCategory=full&menuStyle=text
  • Weeds Australia Identification Guide: Mission Grass Pennisetum polystachion
    This identification guide, on the Weeds Australia Web Site, includes photos, a description of the plant, notes on its distinguishing features and its dispersal ability, and a map of its current and potential distribution
    www.weeds.org.au/cgi-bin/weedident.cgi?tpl=plant.tpl&state=nt&s=&ibra=vb&card=G07
  • PIER Profile for Mission Grass Pennisetum polystachion
    PIER Profile for Mission Grass <i>Pennisetum polystachion</i>. If available, includes Species description; Habitat/ecology; Propagation; Distribution; Information sources; Illustrations; Weed Risk Assessment
    www.hear.org/Pier/species/pennisetum_polystachion.htm
  • The Conservation Threat of Weeds in Savanna Woodlands
    .
    This article, on the NT Government website, describes the threat Gamba Grass and Mission Grass pose to wildlife in the Darwin-Daly region.
    http://www.lrm.nt.gov.au/biodiversity-conservation/programs/blackrat/threats/weeds#.USQzaGcRzcw
  • Weeds in Australia web page: Mission Grass Cenchrus polystachios
    .
    This web page, on the Australian Government Weeds web site, provides information on Mission Grass, Pennisetum polystachion: What it looks like, how to manage it, and links to resources.
    http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/biodiversity/invasive/weeds/weeddetails.pl?taxon_id=21194
  • Mission and Gamba Grass
    Provides information about the species' current distribution, fuel loads, management approaches and costs to the community.
    www.drytropics.org/weeds_mission_gamba_fire.htm

Managing weeds for wildlife conservation - Mimosa, Mimosa pigra

 Managing weeds for wildlife conservation

Mimosa 

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Article

  • Mimosa pigra
    Overview Mimosa grows into a bush that may be a few metres tall Mimosa pigra, also known as giant sensitive plant, is a native of tropical...
  • Mimosa control restores life to land
    The Rak Mak Mak Marranunggu were reinstated as traditional owners of the Finniss River region of the Northern Territory, south west of Darwin in 1995...
  • Fire as a management tool for a tropical woody weed: Mimosa pigra in northern Australia
    Lonsdale W.M., and Miller I.L. (1993), "Fire as a management tool for a tropical woody weed: Mimosa pigra in northern Australia", Journal of...
    This study investigated the use of fire to control the invasive species <i>Mimosa pigra</i>
  • The Impact of fire on Giant Sensitive Plant Mimosa pigra
    by Kelly Menadue Environmental Impacts | Management | Further Information  Giant Sensitive Plant Mimosa pigra is a Weed of National Significance...
    Outlines the potential impact of the spread of Mimosa pigra in the Northern Territory, also contains links for further information about identification, control and management of the species.
  • Biological Control of Mimosa pigra and integration with other control options - Final Report 2001-2002
    CSIRO & Environment Australia (2003) Biological Control of Mimosa pigra and integration with other control options - Final Report 2001-2002 ,...
    Report on the Biological Control of Mimosa pigra for the period October 2001 - December 2002. Produced by the CSIRO, NT Government and NHT.
  • Preventative medicine best for pests
    Cabomba, or fanwort, is an aggressive wetland invader first introduced as an aquarium plant. Recently found in the Darwin River, It has...
    Isolated pockets of these weeds in the NT could potentially be wiped out if resources were made available before they become widespread
  • Research project - Biological control to combat Mimosa Pigra
    Plant pathologist Bertie Hennecke (a University of Queensland PhD student) assessed the use of a fungal biological control to curb the spread of...
    Links to online information resources about identification, issues and management

Link

  • Australian Weed Risk Assessment for Mimosa pigra
    This Weed Risk Assessment for <i>Mimosa pigra</i> uses the Australian Weed Risk Assessment Scheme to assess the likelihood of introduced plants becoming a pest.
    www.hear.org/pier/wra/australia/mipig-wra.htm
  • Weed Management Planning for the Pastoral Industry - Top End Flood Plains
    .
    <h3>Development & Implementation of Integrated Weed Management Planning Processes for the Pastoral Industry Top End Flood Plains</h3> This leaflet, on the Northern territory Cattleman's Association website, describes a cooperative project to control <i>Mimosa pigra</i> on the Flood Plains of the Top End.<i> (Pdf 1.59 MB)
    http://www.ntca.org.au/_assets/1007_TopEndFloodPlainsStrategicProgram.pdf
  • Ecoport profile for Mimosa Mimosa pigra
    This profile of Mimosa <i>Mimosa pigra</i>on FAO's Ecoport Web Site, provides information on the appearance, distribution, ecology, status and use of the species. Links are provided to maps, illustrations and other resources. Information is incomplete for many species, but is being continually upgraded.
    ecoport.org/ep?Plant=7770&entityType=PL****&entityDisplayCategory=full&menuStyle=text
  • Biocontrol of Mimosa
    .
    An article on the Northern Territory Government website that describes the history of the biological control agents that have been introduced for the control of Mimosa pigra, including an assessment of their current status.
    http://lrm.nt.gov.au/weeds2/manage/biological/mimosa
  • WA profile for Giant Sensitive Plant Mimosa pigra
    .
    WA profile for Giant Sensitive Plant <i>Mimosa pigra</i> on the Western Australia Department of Agriculture and Food Web Site. Includes an illustration, a plant description, information on control and information on the declaration of pest plants.
    http://www.agric.wa.gov.au/dps/version02/01_plantview.asp?page=8&contentID=80&
  • Weeds Australia Identification Guide: Mimosa Mimosa pigra
    This identification guide, on the Weeds Australia Web Site, includes photos, a description of the plant, notes on its distinguishing features and its dispersal ability, and a map of its current and potential distribution
    www.weeds.org.au/cgi-bin/weedident.cgi?tpl=plant.tpl&state=nt&s=&ibra=dac&card=S13
  • UQ News - Plant pathologist targets Northern Territory noxious plant Mimosa pigra
    A University of Queensland PhD student is assessing the effectiveness of Mexican fungus <i>Phloeospora mimosae-pigrae</i> for controlling <i>Mimosa pigra</i> in northern Australian wetlands.
    www.uq.edu.au/news/?article=1892
  • PIER Profile for Mimosa Mimosa pigra
    PIER Profile for Mimosa <i>Mimosa pigra</i>. If available, includes Species description; Habitat/ecology; Propagation; Distribution; Information sources; Illustrations; Weed Risk Assessment
    www.hear.org/Pier/species/mimosa_pigra.htm
  • Queensland Government Web page for Giant sensitive tree or Mimosa Mimosa pigra
    Queensland Government Web Page for Giant sensitive tree or Mimosa Mimosa pigra, with an illustration and brief description of the weed and its impact and links to other information resources
    www.daff.qld.gov.au/4790_7290.htm
  • Biological agent to control Mimosa pigra: Moth joins Kakadu weed battle
    .
    This article explains how caterpillars of the moth Leuciris fimbriaria have been introduced as a biological control agent against Mimosa pigra.
    http://www.csiro.au/en/Outcomes/Food-and-Agriculture/MimosaBiocontrolMothAgent.aspx
  • Biosecurity Queensland potential distribution map for Mimosa Mimosa pigra (Australia)
    This map, on the Biosecurity Queensland Website, predicts the potential distribution of Mimosa <i>Mimosa pigra</i> throughout Australia (PDF file, 365 kB)
    www.dpi.qld.gov.au/documents/Biosecurity_EnvironmentalPests/IPA-Mimosa-Pigra-PM.pdf
  • Evaluating the impact of a biological control agent Carmenta mimosa on the woody wetland weed Mimosa pigra in Australia
    Paynter Q. (2005) Evaluating the impact of a biological control agent Carmenta mimosa on the woody wetland weed Mimosa pigra in Australia. Journal of...
    This paper, summarised by D.A. Showler for conservationevidence.com, describes how <i>Carmenta mimosa</i> restricts invasion by <i>Mimosa pigra</i>.
    onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2005.01105.x/full
  • Global Invasive Species Database: Mimosa pigra
    This profile includes information about the ecology, distribution, management and impacts of Mimosa pigra
    www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=41&fr=1&sts=sss
  • Integrated management of Mimosa pigra
    .
    Full text version of article that investigates the impact of using fire, chemical and mechanical control techniques.
    http://www.weeds.org.au/WoNS/mimosa/docs/awc15-29.pdf
  • Research Project - Biocontrol of Mimosa
    .
    Description of a CSIRO project investigating biocontrol agents for Mimosa, Mimosa pigra.
    http://www.csiro.au/science/MimosaBiocontrol
  • Biosecurity Queensland Pest Alert for Giant sensitive tree or Mimosa Mimosa pigra
    .
    Biosecurity Queensland Pest Alert for Giant sensitive tree or Mimosa <i>Mimosa pigra</i>
    www.dpi.qld.gov.au/documents/Biosecurity_EnvironmentalPests/IPA-Mimosa-Pigra-Pest-Alert.pdf
  • Australian Government WONS Profile - Mimosa Mimosa pigra
    .
    A comprehensive description and directory of information on Mimosa <i>Mimosa pigra</i>
    http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/biodiversity/invasive/weeds/weeddetails.pl?taxon_id=11223
  • Mimosa Research and Management
    .
    Papers presented at the 3rd International Symposium on the Management of Mimosa pigra 23–25 September 2002, Darwin, Australia
    http://www.weeds.org.au/WoNS/mimosa/docs/awc15-1.pdf
  • Biological control of Mimosa pigra and integration with other control options
    .
    A detailed report on the biological control options for Mimosa pigra.
    http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/invasive/weeds/publications/books/pubs/m-pigra-biocontrol.pdf
  • ECOS article: Sensitive plant invades the north
    Considine M.L. (1985). "Sensitive plant invades the north". ECOS 1985, 10-11. Author's abstract from journal Giant sensitive plant, Mimosa pigra, has...
    <p>.</p>
    www.ecosmagazine.com.au/?paper=EC45p10
  • ECOS article: Mimosa pigra threatens Kakadu
    Beckmann R. (1990). "Mimosa pigra threatens Kakadu". ECOS 1990, 4-9.
    www.ecosmagazine.com/?paper=EC65p4
  • Modelling integrated weed management of an invasive shrub in tropical Australia
    Buckley Y.M., Rees M., Paynter Q., and Lonsdale M. (2004), "Modelling integrated weed management of an invasive shrub in tropical Australia", Journal of Applied Ecology, 41, (3), pp. 547 - 560.
    dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0021-8901.2004.00909.x
  • Integrating herbicide and mechanical control treatments with fire and biological control to manage an invasive wetland shrub, Mimosa pigra
    Paynter Q., and Flanagan G.J. (2004). Integrating herbicide and mechanical control treatments with fire and biological control to manage an invasive wetland shrub, Mimosa pigra. Journal of Applied Ecology, 41 (4), pp. 615 - 629. In this study Paynter and Flanagan attempt to identify cost effective management techniques for the invasive species Mimosa pigra.
    dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0021-8901.2004.00931.x
  • Weeds of National Significance: Mimosa
    www.weeds.org.au/WoNS/mimosa/

Download

  • Three case studies - Towards more strategic management of weeds on Aboriginal lands
    .
    By Mark Gardener, February, 2005
    /downloads/three case studies.pdf
  • Grice - Weeds and biodiversity monitoring.pdf
    The casse for using presence, abundance, growth forms and diversity of weed species as an indicator of the health of rangelands ecosystems and their biodiversity
    /downloads/Grice - Weeds and biodiversity monitoring.pdf
  • Prime Notes - How to attack Mimosa pigra on a grand scale
    /downloads/mimosa.pdf
  • Prime Notes - Weed invasion, Burdekin Rangelands
    /downloads/burd3.pdf

Managing weeds for wildlife conservation - Guinea Grass, Megathyrsus maximus also known as Panicum maximum and Urochloa maxima

 Managing weeds for wildlife conservation

Guinea Grass 

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  • Megathyrsus maximus
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  • Urochloa maxima
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Link

  • Tropical Grasslands Society description of the pasture plant Guinea grass Megathyrsus maximus
    Tropical Grassland Society of Australia description of the pasture plant Guinea grass Megathyrsus maximus , written by L.R. Humphries and I.J. Partridge, describing the characteristics of the plant and its suitability for tropical and subtropical pastures in Australia
    www.tropicalgrasslands.asn.au/pastures/guinea.htm
  • PIER Profile for Guinea Grass Megathyrsus maximus
    PIER Profile for Guinea Grass <i>Megathyrsus maximus</i>. If available, includes Species description; Habitat/ecology; Propagation; Distribution; Information sources; Illustrations; Weed Risk Assessment
    www.hear.org/Pier/species/panicum_maximum.htm
  • Biosecurity Queensland Factsheet for Guinea grass Panicum maximum
    Biosecurity Queensland Web Page for Grader grass <i>Themeda quadrivalvis</i>, with an illustration and brief description of the weed and its impact
    www.dpi.qld.gov.au/documents/Biosecurity_EnvironmentalPests/IPA-Guinea-Grass-PP82.pdf
  • WA FloraBase Profile for Guinea Grass Megathyrsus maximus
    WA conservation status, distribution, map and, where available, botanical description and illustration
    florabase.dec.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/20638
  • Queensland Government information page for Guinea Grass Panicum maximum
    Information about Guinea Grass Panicum maximum and its control
    www.daff.qld.gov.au/4790_7296.htm
  • NT Agnote: Guinea Grass
    Plain English guide
    transact.nt.gov.au/ebiz/dbird/TechPublications.nsf/AC5316C34F0DCBDC69256EFE004F5D9E/$file/284.pdf

Managing weeds for wildlife conservation - Couch Grass, Cynodon dactylon

 Managing weeds for wildlife conservation

Couch Grass 

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Article

  • Fire responses of Cynodon dactylon
    Fire responses of Cynodon dactylon from Tropical Savannas Fire Response Database by Mark Gardener and Matthew Marrinan Species: Cynodon...
    Summary of known fire responses from across Australia

Reference

  • Selecting for drought tolerance among Australian green couch grasses (Cynodon spp.)
    dx.doi.org/10.1071/CP09172
  • Native couch grasses for revegetating severely salinised sites on the inland slopes of NSW. Part 2
    dx.doi.org/10.1071/RJ06004
  • Native couch grasses for revegetating severely salinised sites on the inland slopes of NSW
    dx.doi.org/10.1071/RJ04006

Link

  • Ecoport profile for Couch Grass Cynodon dactylon
    This profile of Couch Grass <i>Cynodon dactylon</i>on FAO's Ecoport Web Site, provides information on the appearance, distribution, ecology, status and use of the species. Links are provided to maps, illustrations and other resources. Information is incomplete for many species, but is being continually upgraded.
    ecoport.org/ep?Plant=848&entityType=PL****&entityDisplayCategory=full&menuStyle=text
  • Tropical Grasslands Society description of the pasture plant Green couch Cynodon dactylon
    Tropical Grassland Society of Australia description of the pasture plant Green couch Cynodon dactylon, written by L.R. Humphries and I.J. Partridge, describing the characteristics of the plant and its suitability for tropical and subtropical pastures in Australia
    www.tropicalgrasslands.asn.au/pastures/green_couch.htm
  • Weeds Australia Identification Guide: Couch Grass Cynodon dactylon
    This identification guide, on the Weeds Australia Web Site, includes photos, a description of the plant, notes on its distinguishing features and its dispersal ability, and a map of its current and potential distribution
    www.weeds.org.au/cgi-bin/weedident.cgi?tpl=plant.tpl&state=&s=®ion=&card=E14
  • PIER Profile for Couch Grass Cynodon dactylon
    PIER Profile for Couch Grass <i>Cynodon dactylon</i>. If available, includes Species description; Habitat/ecology; Propagation; Distribution; Information sources; Illustrations; Weed Risk Assessment
    www.hear.org/Pier/species/cynodon_dactylon.htm
  • WA FloraBase Profile for Couch Grass Cynodon dactylon
    WA conservation status, distribution, map and, where available, botanical description and illustration
    florabase.dec.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/283
  • Wetlands in the arid Northern Territory
    Most people do not associate the term 'wetland' with the dry inland areas of the continent, yet there is a great variety of 'desert wetlands'. These...
    Duguid A., Barnetson J., Clifford B., Pavey C., Albrecht D., Risler J. and McNellie M. 2002. Wetlands in the arid Northern Territory. A report to Environment Australia on the inventory and significance of wetlands in the arid NT. Parks and Wildlife Commission of the Northern Territory. Alice Springs.
    http://www.lrm.nt.gov.au/plants_herbarium/nature/aridwetlands

Arnhem Plateau in the age of frequent wildfire

burnt_sandstone_country_Arnhem_Land
Arnhem Plateau heathland after an intense fire

Burnt_Trees_Arnhem_Land

Arnhem Plateau woodland after 2004 wildfires showing damage to entire tree canopies

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